Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Coronavirus Antigen Tests
2. Mechanism of the Coronavirus Antigen Test
3. Specific Parameters and Numerical Analysis
4. Company Solutions
5. References

Introduction to Coronavirus Antigen Tests

Coronavirus Antigen Tests, commonly known as rapid antigen tests, are diagnostic tools used for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These tests are designed to identify viral proteins, referred to as antigens, from samples collected via nasal swabs. They provide a faster alternative to PCR tests and are instrumental in controlling the spread of COVID-19 by enabling quick screening.

Mechanism of the Coronavirus Antigen Test

Antigen tests function by detecting the presence of specific proteins associated with the virus. A sample is collected from an individual's nasal cavity using a swab, which is then exposed to a testing strip coated with antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. If the viral proteins are present, they bind to the antibodies on the strip, resulting in a visible line indicating a positive result.

The rapid turnaround time, generally within 15 to 30 minutes, distinguishes antigen tests from molecular diagnostics. However, they require a higher viral load for accurate detection compared to PCR tests, which may lead to higher false-negative rates, especially in asymptomatic individuals.

Specific Parameters and Numerical Analysis

• Sensitivity: Ranges from 60% to 80%, depending on the viral load and the time since infection.
• Specificity: Generally exceeds 95%, indicating a low likelihood of false-positive results.
• Turnaround Time: Approximately 15 to 30 minutes.
• Optimal Testing Window: Within the first 5 to 7 days of symptom onset, when viral load is highest.

Company Solutions

Several companies have developed and distributed coronavirus antigen tests. These include:

• Abbott Laboratories: Offers the BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag Card, reputed for its ease of use and rapid results.
• Quidel Corporation: Manufactures the QuickVue At-Home OTC COVID-19 Test, known for its accessibility for home testing.
• BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company): Provides the Veritor System for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2, commonly used in clinical settings.
• Roche Diagnostics: Known for the SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test, widely used for mass screening efforts.

References

1. World Health Organization (WHO). Antigen-detection in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Available online.
2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Issues New Authorization for Certain COVID-19 Tests. Available online.
3. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). COVID-19 Antigen Testing. Available online.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim Guidance for Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2. Available online.